|
Zambia
has fully
liberalised external trade, and trade procedures and documentation have
been simplified and standardised. Zambia has also embarked on a process
of promoting non-traditional export products in sectors such as
agriculture, manufacturing, mining and handicrafts. These
non-traditional exports have continued to exhibit a satisfactory
performance relative to the traditional exports of copper and cobalt.
The
main export
commodities in Zambia include cobalt, compressor
lubricants, copper, cotton, cut flowers, electric appliances and parts,
hardwood, lead products, mineral products and lime. The main import
commodities include capital goods, chemical products, crude oil,
fertilisers, petroleum products and raw materials.
Zambia's
main trading
partners are European countries, such as Germany
and the United Kingdom, Japan, India, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Thailand.
Within Southern Africa, South Africa, Malawi, Zimbabwe, United Republic
of Tanzania and more recently, the Democratic Republic of Congo, are
the leading trading partners.
As
part of ongoing trade
liberalisation moves, export permits are no
longer required. Export licences are required for most goods, but the
procedure is a formality handled by commercial banks. Exports for some
agricultural commodities, such as white maize (the staple food), may be
subject to restrictions when domestic supplies are short. Import
licences are required for statistical purposes and are issued by
commercial banks.
Zambia
is pursuing
significant tariff policy changes favourable for the
promotion of private sector development. The country has reduced its
tariff structure from a maximum of 100 percent to 25 percent in order
to strengthen export competitiveness and provide inputs at near-world
market prices. It now ranges from 0 to 5 percent for most basic raw
materials, 15 percent for intermediate goods, and 25 percent for final
products and capital goods. About 60 percent of all tariff lines bear
rates of 15 or 25 percent, while some 20 percent of tariff lines have
zero rates.
The
external sector
performed better than expected in 2003. The
country's terms of trade showed a 7.0 percent improvement as against a
minus 7.1 percent in 2002. The up-turn in the terms of trade was
largely due to increased metal prices. Another factor that raised the
value of total exports was the strong growth in the exports of
non-traditional products, whose earnings increased by 14.0 percent to
US$407 million.
Membership
of International
Organisations
Zambia
is a member of international bodies such as the Southern African
Development Community
(SADC), Common Market for Eastern and Southern
Africa (COMESA), African Union (AU), Commonwealth, United Nations,
World Trade Organisation (WTO), African Development Bank (AfDB) and
World Bank.
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
 |
|
SADC
|
COMESA
|
AU
|
UN
|
WTO
|
AfDB
|
World
Bank
|
| Exports
fob (In millions of US$) |
| |
2002
|
2003
|
2004
|
2005
|
2006
|
| Total
exports, f.o.b. |
944
|
1,090
|
1,847
|
2,210
|
3,819
|
| Metal
exports, f.o.b. |
560
|
669
|
1,359
|
1,644
|
3,084
|
|
Copper
|
|
|
Value
|
510
|
607
|
1,075
|
1,486
|
2,938
|
|
Volume
(thousands of metric tons)
|
330.0
|
353.4
|
410.9
|
438.8
|
476.1
|
|
Unit value
1/
|
1.5
|
1.7
|
2.6
|
3.4
|
6.2
|
|
Cobalt
|
|
|
Value
|
50
|
62
|
284
|
158
|
146
|
|
Volume
(thousands of metric tons)
|
4.2
|
3.4
|
6.1
|
5.4
|
4.7
|
|
Unit value
1/
|
11.9
|
18.4
|
46.6
|
29.1
|
31.3
|
|
Nontraditional exports,
f.o.b.
|
360.7
|
399.6
|
468.3
|
534.3
|
701.5
|
|
Goods Procured in ports
by carriers
|
23.9
|
21.5
|
19.8
|
32.0
|
33.6
|
| Source:
Central Statistics Office; IMF, Selected Issues and Statistical
Appendix, January 2008;
Ministry of Finance and National Planning. |
| Exports
fob (In millions of US$) |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
2002
|
2003
|
2004
|
2005
|
2006
|
| Food and
live animals |
69.6
|
75.0
|
152.1
|
172.9
|
139.4
|
| Beverages
and tobacco |
16.3
|
22.3
|
61.1
|
74.1
|
74.9
|
| Crude
materials (excl fuels) |
72.9
|
91.5
|
237.6
|
258.4
|
536.8
|
| Mineral
fuels, lubricants and related materials |
7.8
|
13.7
|
27.8
|
13.9
|
22.6
|
| Animal
and vegetable oils, fats and waxes |
0.3
|
0.5
|
0.5
|
0.4
|
0.8
|
| Chemicals |
11.7
|
9.5
|
41.6
|
15.7
|
23.2
|
| Manufactured
goods classified chiefly by materials |
715.3
|
741.6
|
1,016.0
|
1,558.0
|
2,772.1
|
| Machinery
and transport equipment |
8.0
|
8.1
|
17.5
|
23.4
|
101.5
|
| Miscellaneous
manufactured articles |
18.5
|
10.8
|
22.2
|
59.3
|
10.0
|
| Other |
24.0
|
117.4
|
270.4
|
34.2
|
138.0
|
| Imports,
cif*
(in million of US$) |
| |
2003
|
2004
|
2005
|
2006
|
| Total
imports, cif |
1,572.7
|
2,149.6
|
2,576.6
|
3,022.4
|
| Food
and live animals |
160.7
|
98.2
|
113.1
|
175.1
|
| Beverages
and tobacco |
2.1
|
2.3
|
3.2
|
10.3
|
| Crude
materials (excl fuels) |
59.0
|
68.9
|
89.6
|
83.1
|
| Mineral
fuels, lubricants and related materials |
128.8
|
244.1
|
279.1
|
453.2
|
| Animal
and vegetable oils, fats and waxes |
33.2
|
41.2
|
41.7
|
48.9
|
| Chemicals |
291.5
|
345.3
|
457.5
|
446.1
|
| Manufactured
goods classified chiefly by materials |
249.7
|
314.2
|
405.8
|
429.1
|
| Machinery
and transport equipment |
504.4
|
670.6
|
814.2
|
1,207.2
|
| Miscellaneous
manufactured articles |
143.0
|
364.8
|
372.4
|
169.3
|
| Other |
0.1
|
0.1
|
0.0
|
0.1
|
| Source:
Central Statistics Office; IMF, Selected Issues and Statistical
Appendix, January 2008;
Ministry of Finance and National Planning. |
| Main
Trading Partners (in millions of US$) |
| |
2003
|
2004
|
2005
|
2006
|
| Exports
to: |
|
| Switzerland |
76.8
|
255.5
|
754.1
|
1,462.6
|
| South
Africa |
211.2
|
386.4
|
195.9
|
401.4
|
| China |
16.5
|
33.9
|
192.1
|
257.7
|
| Japan |
16.2
|
7.0
|
29.8
|
3.7
|
| Imports
from: |
|
| South
Africa |
765.4
|
993.5
|
1,228.5
|
1,430.6
|
| Zimbabwe |
202.9
|
124.6
|
110.2
|
171.5
|
| United
Kingdom |
93.3
|
317.8
|
312.7
|
111.4
|
| Japan |
23.3
|
28.8
|
41.9
|
47.6
|
| Source:
Central Statistics Office, IMF, Selected
Issues and Statistical Appendix, January 2008; Zambia:
Exports and Imports by Country |
|
